Course Update 10/25/18

Lakes and Orchard greens were mowed for the first time this week since being aerified approximately two weeks ago.  The healing process is progressing as expected for this time of year and most of the holes are almost grown over.  The recent frosts and cool temperatures have slowed down turf growth so there may be some aerification holes that remain open into winter.  That's not a bad thing since it allows water to drain faster off the surface and more oxygen is able to find its way to the roots.  As we normally do this time of year, we've raised the cutting height on greens to help the turf prepare for winter dormancy.  Most golfers won't notice the change given all the sand that's still on the surface, but the increase in length provides more leaf tissue that allows the plant to increase its carbohydrate production.  Carbohydrates are the main source of food for plant cells and will be stored to help the plant survive the winter.

Tee aerification began last week, and Orchard and Grove are finished.  We plan to start aerifying Lakes tees tomorrow and will most likely need another day to finish.  We've also been topdressing the tees with sand this fall, which hasn't been done for a while.  The combination of core aerifying and topdressing is the best practice to having firm tees.  The tees currently have too much thatch (organic matter), which is why the tees are soft and spongy.  Going forward, our plan is to core aerify and topdress the tees in the spring and fall to reduce the amount of thatch.  Several tees on Orchard and Grove still need to be topdressed, and were initially skipped because the tees were too wet and soft to drive the topdresser on.

Fairway aerification has been rescheduled to November 14-16.  Those were the first dates the contractor had available and hopefully the weather cooperates.  We had originally planned to core aerify the fairways again as was done in the spring, but the days are too short for adequate drying time and the soil is usually too wet that late in the year.  Instead, the contractor will be deep-tining to a depth of 8-10 inches using a 3/4 inch diameter solid tine.  The deep-tine is a good alternative to core aerifying in that it also relieves compaction, and opens the soil to exchange harmful carbon dioxide for beneficial oxygen.  Another benefit to aerifying that late in the year is the holes will remain open through most of the winter and will allow water to drain from the surface.  That water will most likely go through several freeze/thaw cycles and the expanding ice will fracture the soil creating more channels for root growth and water drainage.

The same machine is used to aerify both tees and greens, but we use a larger tine on tees on a 2x2 inch spacing.

Scooping plugs is a great way to stay warm on a cool fall day.

This year we experimented with topdressing before or after aerifying to see which gave the best results.  Topdressing before is the preferred method because it makes cleanup easier and works more sand down into the turf.

This tee was topdressed prior to being aerified.  Very little sand was removed from the surface and the remaining sand will be washed into the holes during the next rain storm.

Frost Delays

Now that cooler weather has returned, I thought it would be a good idea to revisit a post about frost delays. There have been two frost delays so far this fall along with some damage from people walking on frozen turf. When out for your morning walks, please stay on the cart paths and sidewalks. This also applies to your pets, as dogs can damage frozen turf the same way humans do.

The picture below of Orchard 1 is a good example of what happens when you walk on frozen turf.  You can clearly see the black footprints in the rough and fairway which indicate dying grass.

Frost is common this time of year and can even occur when the air temperature is above freezing.  Frost will usually be evident at sunrise, as the air at ground level is warmed it becomes lighter and rises.  Colder, denser air will take the place of the warm air and can be 5-10 degrees cooler, thus creating frozen turf.  Frost usually "burns off" quickly in direct sunlight, but certain areas of the course are heavily shaded and take longer to thaw.  The maintenance staff monitors specific areas throughout the course on cool mornings to determine whether frost is present, and the decision to allow play is based on when those areas will be frost-free.  An easy way to tell if frost is present is by running your hand across the grass.  If the dew wipes away it's safe to walk on the turf.

Click here to watch a short video about frost.

Greens Aerification

The weather was perfect for aerifying Lakes and Orchard greens on Tuesday and Wednesday.  Unfortunately, rain showers moved in last night and this morning, delaying the process on Grove.  The weather tomorrow will be much cooler than what we had earlier in the week, but that won't affect us as long as it doesn't rain.  A little moisture is a good thing while aerifying because it provides lubrication for the coring tine to enter the root zone and reduces tearing of the plant.  Moisture is not a good thing when topdressing because the sand needs to be completely dry in order to fill all the aerification holes.  A few greens will need to be brushed again to even out the sand, but overall we're happy with the process and the holes should heal in a couple of weeks as long as the temps don't go too low.

The first step in this process is deep tining.  A contractor uses a machine with 1/2" diameter solid tines to relieve compaction in the root zone to a depth of 10"

The deep tine unit is setup for 2.5" lateral by 3" forward spacing.

Right after the green is deep tined we use our aerifier to remove 3/8" diameter cores up to 4" deep.  The collection box attached to the aerifier dumps the plugs at the edge of the green when the coring head is raised.  The crew then shovels the plugs into a utility vehicle and disposes of them.

This is what the green looks like after it's blown off and rolled.  The tines on our aerifier are setup for 1.5"x1.5" spacing which creates 72 holes per square foot.

Once the greens are cleaned and rolled, we apply enough topdressing sand to evenly cover the entire putting surface and collar.  We use a specially blended sand that conforms to USGA specifications and closely matches the sand that our greens were constructed with to prevent contamination and other long-term issues.  The topdressing sand costs $55 per ton and we will use around 75 tons this fall between all three nines.

This was taken after one brushing.  Most of the holes are filled, but we found brushing again in a different direction will fill all the holes and disperse the sand better.  The greens will be frequently rolled over the next couple of weeks until most of the sand has disappeared.  It doesn't make sense to mow too soon and risk picking up mostly sand.

Course Update 10/4/18

Our average rainfall for September is 3.28", yet we received 11.14" this year.  That's more than three times the average, and things haven't been much better the first four days of October.  If this pattern continues, there are areas that may not dry out until 2019.  Hopefully the long range forecasts are correct and the jet stream shifts course, giving us drier weather.  We obviously have some challenges out there, and we've been doing a lot of walk mowing on greens, tees, and approaches to reduce the chances of damaging the turf when conditions are this wet.  The staff and I truly appreciate your patience and understanding given our current situation, and we're just as frustrated as you are.

Remember that greens aerification is scheduled for Tuesday (9th), Wednesday (10th), Thursday (11th) next week.  We'll aerify, cleanup, and topdress nine holes per day, doing Lakes, Orchard, Grove, respectively.  Core aerification is an important practice in maintaining healthy turf and must be done every year.  The long-term benefits achieved from the process far outweigh the short-term issues that arise because of it.

Click here to watch a short video about why we aerate